Black Hole Filtering
This is a common technique that is very efficient. Typically this needs to be done in conjunction with your ISP. RTBH filtering is a technique that provides the ability to drop undesirable traffic before it enters a protected network. It uses BGP host routes to route traffic heading to victim servers to a null0 next hop. RTBH has several variations but one stands out as is worth special mention. Performing RTBH with your ISP (check with your ISP for support, they should) lets them drop the traffic in the cloud for you thus preventing a DoS on your pipe. Block Hole filtering is a large topic, if you’re interested in learning more about it I’d suggest reading this whitepaper Remotely Triggered Black Hole filtering (RTBH).
Cisco IPS 7.0 Source IP Reputation Filtering
Cisco recently released the IPS 7.0 code upgrade. This upgrade includes a feature called global correlation. In a nutshell, global correlation checks the reputation score of every source IP address it sees. If the source’s reputation is bad the IPS sensor can drop the traffic or raise the Risk Rating value of a signature hit. Now here is Cisco’s description of what Global Correlation does:
IPS 7.0 contains a new security capability, Cisco Global Correlation, which uses the immense security intelligence that we have amassed over the years. At regular intervals, Cisco IPS receives threat updates from the Cisco SensorBase Network, which contain detailed information about known threats on the Internet, including serial attackers, Botnet harvesters, Malware outbreaks, and dark nets. The IPS uses this information to filter out the worst attackers before they have a chance to attack critical assets. It then incorporates the global threat data in to its system to detect and prevent malicious activity even earlier.
You can configure Global Correlation so that your sensors are aware of network devices with a reputation for malicious activity, and can take action against them.
One of the ways Cisco refines the SensorBase is by taking in feeds from the deployed Cisco 7.0 IPS sensors. Companies can choose to opt in or out of the program.
The SensorBase that the Cisco IPS uses is full of different threat categories, two of which are Botnet harvesters and previous DoS offenders. Therefore, when you are under attack from a Botnet DDoS attack the Sensor will drop all of the traffic coming from bad reputation sources. This process happens before the signatures are used and is very inexpensive to the sensors’ resources (CPU, backplane, etc). This makes it an ideal method to utilize during a DDoS attack. It is also why the Cisco IPS checks the SensorBase before processing its IPS signatures.
Many Botnet DDoS attacks use SSL to your web servers. This helps the attacker hide his payload from any inspection engines you may have. However, given that Global Correlation only uses the reputation score of the source IP address to makes its decision it has no issues defending against SSL DDoS attacks. No other IPS vendor has added reputation to their IPS solution so they would be unable to defend against any form of SSL DDoS attack. Some IPS vendors do have the ability to open up and look inside SSL packets by decrypting them on the fly. However, this process is too expensive on the IPS’s resources (CPU, backplane, memory, etc) to be used in a DDoS attack. It would simply move the traffic bottleneck to the sensor itself.
Of course if the DDoS attack is saturating your link this tactic likely won’t work. But if the DDoS attack is just overwhelming some servers and not all your bandwidth then this works great. Global Correlation is not a silver bullet but rather another tool in your toolbox.
Jamey Heary, CCIE No. 7680, is the author of the Cisco NAC Appliance: Enforcing Host Security with Clean Access book by Cisco Press. Jamey is a seasoned security technologist with over 15 years in the IT field with 10 years focused on IT security. His areas of expertise include network and host security design and implementation, security regulatory compliance, and routing and switching. His other certifications include CISSP, CCSP, and Microsoft MCSE. He is also a Certified HIPAA Security Professional. Jamey is currently a Security Consulting Systems Engineer with Cisco, though the opinions expressed here are his own. Jamey is a member of Network World's Cisco Subnet blog community.
great article
Great article. Thinking that because my business is not too popular is the worst thing that you can do to damage your business continuity plan. Do you know that from the underground market (like RBN) you can buy a botnet C&C with a pretty simple to use web interface for 2 days , under 400 USD (also with 24 hours tech support) ? just enter the ip address of the victim and then blown up their whole internet connectivity. very small garbage packets from infected hosts distributed from US to Uganda that can overvelmed even 100Mbps bandwidth.
It think today DDOS attack can only mitigated from upstream service provider but as Jamey noted the other steps can be useful in some case.i just want to add a few resource to this great article that maybe can help.
1- Unused IP Address space that maintained by IANA and constantly updated:
http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space/
(look at the Status as UNALLOCATED )
2- Drop malicious traffic from bad reputation IP address , include C&C , RBN , … :
http://www.emergingthreats.net/fwrules/
this provide IP packet filter for Linux-Netfilter , Cisco PIX/ASA and IPF
3- Use Still valuable ACL on your Internet Edge to Drop risky services and protocols. for example most (to the modern one) C&C use IRC to communicate with Agents. drop the connections to/from that ports can help (not really stop DDOS attack , but can prevent your internal infected hosts from participating in Botnet )
deny tcp any any range 6660 6669
deny tcp any range 6660 6669 any
you will find interesting new Cisco Techwise TV that talk about new strategy regarding to the increasing threat of Botnet.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/ns340/ns339/ns638/ns914/html_TWTV/twtv_episode_45.html
nice additions
Thanks Ali for the great reference additions.
-jamey
Another useful resouece
i forget it in the last post.this is a great site regarding the current topic.
http://www.team-cymru.org/Services/Bogons/
Who Pays the Ransom?
According to an item on this site:
http://www.asiacxo.com/pastissue/article.asp?art=26061&issue=154, "...two years ago...hackers targeted dozens of major international sports betting firms...timing their attacks to coincide with lucrative sporting events...the culprits then demanded up to US$50,000 to stop further sabotage."
According to this article, "Some are believed to have given into the criminals’ demands until, eventually, investigators traced the attack back to Russia and arrests were made."
And I guess that's my question. How is the payment of a "ransom" accomplished in such a way that the recipients can't be tracked. Sometime, somewhere, real money has to change hands. And when that happens, it is possible to catch the culprits.
But the overall impression I'm getting is that almost no one pays any ransom. DDoS attacks are troublesome, but as the article notes, there are ways to work around them.
But it's like spam--email to your accounts may be filtered, and your users may never see the junk, but it's out there, slowing everything down.
money laundering
Thanks for the comments and info.
here is a site that talks about some money laundering methods
http://money.howstuffworks.com/money-laundering1.htm
-Jamey
uRPF
I have found that IP Source Guard requires a fair amount of maintenance and tuning. A simpler solution is to use uRPF on edge VLAN interfaces. This isn't quite as complete as IPSG since a host can still spoof another IP address in its own subnet, but it stops the majority of spoofing problems.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/unicast-rpf.html
absolutely
uRPF can be a powerful tool to limit IP spoofing internally.
If you have a need to enforce DHCP addresses on clients and prohibit static address assignments on clients then IP source guard can do that as well.
-Jamey
Great inputs
We are a leading webhosting company in the US. We found that the Cisco solution is too expensive for most of us. IntruGuard has a product range that we use for providing a DDoS scrubbing solution to our customers. IntruGuard appliances provide the capability to clean packets to and from bogon addresses, hardware based SYN proxy, connection limiting, botnet flood mitigation etc. I've used other products for DDoS mitigation with much nicer management, and reporting tools, but none of those products have come close to the actual detection and mitigation capabilities built into this product.
Rule #1 Use the right equipment Juniper!
If you appreciate sleep and hair.
See the following link for full thread:
https://puck.nether.net/pipermail/juniper-nsp/2009-February/012591.html
"After doing further investigation, I found that in-fact my Cisco-vxr
Npe-g2 and g1 in the path (between M7i and customer router) suffered
the Dos and due to cpu saturation the bgp flapped. Earlier I did not
noticed because the cpu utilization graph of Cisco showed only 50% in
npe-g2 and 80% in npe-g1 and straightened perhaps it was not responding
mrtg polling, however "show proc cpu history" showed the different
story.
M7i was not affected...bravo Juniper..!
Thanks everyone.
Regards,
Samit"
This is a fairytale story
This is a fairytale story from a Juniper fanboy. There must be an explanation for this behavior. The Cisco routers were probably misconfigured, control plane policing wasn't enabled on a software processed router, etc. Cisco is the #1 networking company for a reason so the engineer didn't know what he was doing.
Post new comment