It’s no surprise that Alltel was looking for a buyer to compete with bigger companies with broader coverage, but more people than not expected the purchaser to be another carrier.

Alltel quashed all of those rumors on Sunday when it announced that TPG Capital and the private equity division of Goldman Sachs Group is buying the company for $27.5 billion and taking it private.

Here’s what the deal means for Alltel, its customers and the wireless industry at large:

That’s a large sum for a company that’s not offering national service. Why so much?

Alltel is the fifth largest wireless service provider behind AT&T, Verizon, Sprint Nextel and T-Mobile. It has 12 million customers in 35 states, although many rural markets, and sizeable revenue growth. The company’s 2006 revenues were $7.9 billion, an increase of 20% from 2005 revenues of $7.2 billion.

The company has also been operating lean. It was the only one of the top five wireless carriers that did not participate in the last FCC wireless spectrum auction. The FCC auctioned off its Advanced Wireless Service spectrum last year, fetching $14 billion from carriers across the country looking to beef up their spectrum holdings to support 3G and beyond wireless offerings. Alltel needed more spectrum if it was going to support 3G and beyond services on its own, but that clearly was not the company’s plan.

If Alltel has been planning to be sold for quite some time, why private equity firms rather than one of the other carriers that were rumored suitors?

“I don’t think Verizon was interested at this time -- the rural markets aren’t strategic for them and Sprint has its own issues struggling still with the Nextel acquisition and planning its future,” says Phil Redman, an analyst at Gartner. “It was obvious that Alltel was looking for an out and this seems to be the current fashion.”

Will another wireless carrier be more interested in Alltel now that it’s going private?

“This is an interim step,” says Jeff Kagan, a telecom industry analyst. “This is the first buy of a two-part deal.”

Kagan says the private equity investors might hold on to the wireless company until “Verizon, AT&T, Sprint or some other carrier,” are interested in buying Alltel.

Another analyst agrees. “If Alltel continues to grow and be profitable, it still remains a possibility someday,” Redman says. Right now it’s not strategic for Verizon, which Redman sees as the most likely buyer of Alltel in the future. “But it might be a good business move in the future,” he says.