Chapter 10: Implementing IPv6

Cisco Press

Network World |

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P1R1#show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
    U - Per-user Static route
    I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
    O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
    ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
C  2001:410:1:1::/64 [0/0]
   via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L  2001:410:1:1:216:46FF:FE50:C470/128 [0/0]
   via ::, FastEthernet0/0
O  2001:410:1:2::/64 [110/782]
   via FE80::216:46FF:FE10:FC00, Serial0/0/1
C  2001:410:1:3::/64 [0/0]
   via ::, Serial0/0/1
L  2001:410:1:3:216:46FF:FE50:C470/128 [0/0]
   via ::, Serial0/0/1
O  2001:410:1:4::/64 [110/782]
   via FE80::216:46FF:FE10:FDB0, FastEthernet0/0
L  FE80::/10 [0/0]
   via ::, Null0
L  FF00::/8 [0/0]
   via ::, Null0
P1R1#

  1. If you can see the neighboring router's IPv6 networks in the routing table, you should be able to ping their IPv6 addresses. To make pinging of IPv6 addresses simpler, find the IPv6 addresses of each of the enabled interfaces on all the routers in your pod and copy and paste them into Notepad. Use the show cdp neighbor detail command to display the IPv6 addresses of your immediate neighbors or the show ipv6 interface brief command to display the IPv6 address of the router you are on.

After you have documented the IPv6 addresses, you can simply copy and paste the address into your terminal program when you want to ping one of your neighboring routers' IPv6 interfaces. Ping all the IPv6 addresses in your pod.

Solution:

The following shows an example of the display of the IPv6 addresses on the P1R2 router, and pings to those addresses from the P1R1 router. The pings are successful.

P1R2#show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0      [up/up]
  FE80::216:46FF:FE10:FC00
  2001:410:1:2:216:46FF:FE10:FC00
FastEthernet0/1      [administratively down/down]
  unassigned
Serial0/0/0        [administratively down/down]
  unassigned
Serial0/0/0.1       [administratively down/down]
  unassigned
Serial0/0/0.2       [administratively down/down]
  unassigned
Serial0/0/1        [up/up]
  FE80::216:46FF:FE10:FC00
  2001:410:1:3:216:46FF:FE10:FC00
Loopback0         [up/up]
  Unassigned
P1R2#

P1R1#ping 2001:410:1:2:216:46FF:FE10:FC00

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:410:1:2:216:46FF:FE10:FC00, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
P1R1#ping 2001:410:1:3:216:46FF:FE10:FC00

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:410:1:3:216:46FF:FE10:FC00, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
P1R1#

  1. Save your configurations to NVRAM.

Solution:

The following shows the required step on the P1R1 router.

P1R1#copy run start
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Exercise Verification

You have successfully completed this exercise when you have enabled IPv6 routing globally, configured IPv6 addresses on your pod routers, and enabled and verified IPv6 OSPF routing.

Configuration Exercise 10-2: Configuring an IPv6 Tunnel

In this Configuration Exercise, you configure a manual IPv6 tunnel.

Note - Throughout this exercise, the pod number is referred to as x, and the router number is referred to as y. Substitute the appropriate numbers as needed.

Objectives

The objectives of this exercise are to configure a manual IPv6 tunnel.

Visual Objective

Figure 10-27 illustrates the topology used and what you will accomplish in this exercise.

Figure 10-27

IPv6 Tunnel Configuration Exercise Topology

Command List

In this exercise, you use the commands in Table 10-11, listed in logical order. Refer to this list if you need configuration command assistance during the exercise.

Although the command syntax is shown in this table, the addresses shown are typically for the PxR1 and PxR3 routers. Be careful when addressing your routers! Refer to the exercise instructions and the appropriate visual objective diagram for addressing details.

Table 10-11 IPv6 Tunnel Configuration Exercise Commands

CommandDescription
(config)#interface tunnel 0Specifies a tunnel interface number (0) on which to enable a configured tunnel.
(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:410:x:A::y/64Statically assigns an IPv6 address and a prefix length to the tunnel interface.
(config-if)#tunnel source 10.x.0.yDefines the local IPv4 address used as the source address for the tunnel interface.
(config-if)#tunnel destination 10.x.0.yDefines the tunnel endpoint's destination IPv4 address; in other words, the address of the remote end of the tunnel.
(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ipSpecifies a manual IPv6 tunnel.
(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 100 area 0Identifies the IPv6 prefix assigned to this interface as part of the OSPFv3 network for process 100 in area 0.
#show interface tunnel 0Displays information about the tunnel 0 interface.
#show run | begin interface TunnelDisplays the running configuration, starting at the words "interface Tunnel."
#show ipv6 routeDisplays the IPv6 routing table.
#clear counters tunnel 0Clears the counters displayed in the show interface tunnel 0 command.

Task: Configuring the Tunnel Interface

In this task, you prepare the IPv4 tunnel interface to carry IPv6 packets.

Follow these steps:

  1. On the internal routers disable your serial 0/0/0 interfaces. Only the edge routers will be configured with the manual tunnel on their serial 0/0/1 interfaces.

  2. Remove the IPv6 address from the S0/0/1 interfaces on the edge routers.

  3. Create a tunnel and put both ends of the tunnel (PxR1 and PxR2) in the same IPv6 subnet, 2001:410:x:A::y/64, where x is your pod number and y is your router number. Configure the tunnel source and tunnel destination at both ends of the tunnel; for example, PxR1 points to PxR2's serial interface for the tunnel destination and its own serial interface for the tunnel source. Configure the tunnel mode for a manual IPv6 tunnel. Enable IPv6 OSPF routing on the tunnel interface.

Solution:

The following shows how to configure the required steps on the P1R1, P1R2, and P1R3 routers.

P1R1(config)#int s0/0/1
P1R1(config-if)#no ipv6 address
P1R1(config-if)#int tunnel0
P1R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:410:1:A::1/64
P1R1(config-if)#tunnel source 10.1.0.1
P1R1(config-if)#tunnel destination 10.1.0.2
P1R1(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip
P1R1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 100 area 0

P1R2(config)#int s0/0/1
P1R2(config-if)#no ipv6 address
P1R2(config)#int tunnel 5
P1R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:410:1:A::2/64
P1R2(config-if)#tunnel source 10.1.0.2
P1R2(config-if)#tunnel destination 10.1.0.1
P1R2(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip
P1R2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 100 area 0

P1R3(config)#int s0/0/0
P1R3(config-if)#shutdown

  1. Confirm your configuration by displaying information about the tunnel interface on your edge routers.

Solution:

The following shows sample output on the P1R1 router. The tunnel is up.

P1R1#show int tunnel 0
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up
 Hardware is Tunnel
 MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
 Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set
 Keepalive not set
 Tunnel source 10.1.0.1, destination 10.1.0.2
 Tunnel protocol/transport IPv6/IP
 Tunnel TTL 255
 Fast tunneling enabled
 Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
 Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
 Last input 00:00:06, output 00:00:00, output hang never
 Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
 Queueing strategy: fifo
 Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   26 packets input, 3500 bytes, 0 no buffer
   Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
   0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
   47 packets output, 4972 bytes, 0 underruns
   0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
   0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
P1R1#

Use the show run | begin interface Tunnel command to see your tunnel configuration

Solution:

The following shows sample output on the P1R1 router.

P1R1# show run | begin interface Tunnel
interface Tunnel0
 no ip address
 ipv6 address 2001:410:1:A::1/64
 ipv6 ospf 100 area 0
 tunnel source 10.1.0.1
 tunnel destination 10.1.0.2
 tunnel mode ipv6ip
!
<output omitted>

Look at your IPv6 routing table. Are you learning an OSPF route over the tunnel?

Solution:

The following shows sample output on the P1R1 router. An OSPF route is being learned over the tunnel.

P1R1#show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 7 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
    U - Per-user Static route
    I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
    O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
    ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
C  2001:410:1:1::/64 [0/0]
   via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L  2001:410:1:1:216:46FF:FE50:C470/128 [0/0]
   via ::, FastEthernet0/0
O  2001:410:1:2::/64 [110/11112]
   via FE80::A01:2, Tunnel0
C  2001:410:1:A::/64 [0/0]
   via ::, Tunnel0
L  2001:410:1:A::1/128 [0/0]
   via ::, Tunnel0
L  FE80::/10 [0/0]
   via ::, Null0
L  FF00::/8 [0/0]
   via ::, Null0
P1R1#

  1. At this point, you should be able to ping across your tunnel. Use the IPv6 addresses that you copied in the previous configuration exercise to see whether packets can go across the tunnel. For example, on PxR1 ping the Fa0/0 interface of PxR2, and on PxR2, ping the Fa0/0 of PXR1.

Solution:

The following shows sample output on the P1R1 and P1R2 routers. In the first sample, P1R1 is pinging P1R2's Fa0/0 interface. In the second sample, P1R2 is pinging P1R1's Fa0/0 interface. Both pings are successful.

P1R1#ping 2001:410:1:2:216:46FF:FE10:FC00

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:410:1:2:216:46FF:FE10:FC00, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/33/36 ms
P1R1#

P1R2#ping 2001:410:1:1:216:46FF:FE50:C470

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:410:1:1:216:46FF:FE50:C470, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/34/36 ms
P1R2#

  1. To confirm that the traffic is going through the tunnel, clear the counters on the tunnel interface. Display information about the tunnel again, then ping the IPv6 address again, and then display information about the tunnel once more. Did you notice a difference in the displayed information? If so, what?

Solution:

The following shows sample output on the P1R1 router. The counters on the interface increased after the ping.

P1R1#clear counters tunnel 0
Clear "show interface" counters on this interface [confirm]
P1R1#
*Jul 10 01:58:18.295: %CLEAR-5-COUNTERS: Clear counter on interface Tunnel0 by console

P1R1#show int tunnel 0
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up
 Hardware is Tunnel
 MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
 Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set
 Keepalive not set
 Tunnel source 10.1.0.1, destination 10.1.0.2
 Tunnel protocol/transport IPv6/IP
 Tunnel TTL 255
 Fast tunneling enabled
 Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
 Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
 Last input 00:00:01, output 00:00:05, output hang never
 Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:00:05
 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
 Queueing strategy: fifo
 Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   1 packets input, 120 bytes, 0 no buffer
   Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
   0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
   0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
   0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
   0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

P1R1#ping 2001:410:1:2:216:46FF:FE10:FC00

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:410:1:2:216:46FF:FE10:FC00, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/34/36 ms

P1R1#show int tunnel 0
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up
 Hardware is Tunnel
 MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,
   reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 28/255
 Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set
 Keepalive not set
 Tunnel source 10.1.0.1, destination 10.1.0.2
 Tunnel protocol/transport IPv6/IP
 Tunnel TTL 255
 Fast tunneling enabled
 Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
 Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
 Last input 00:00:04, output 00:00:04, output hang never
 Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:00:28
 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
 Queueing strategy: fifo
 Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
 5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
   8 packets input, 1060 bytes, 0 no buffer
   Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
   0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
   7 packets output, 800 bytes, 0 underruns
   0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
   0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
P1R1#

  1. Save your configurations to NVRAM.

Solution:

The following shows the required step on the P1R1 router.

P1R1#copy run start
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Exercise Verification

You have successfully completed this exercise when you have created a manual IPv6 to IPv4 tunnel and pinged across it.

Review Questions

Answer the following questions, and then refer to Appendix A, "Answers to Review Questions," for the answers.

Related:
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